精准放疗已成为现代医学的发展趋势。三维调强放射治疗照射野大小和肿瘤一致，但人体的不自主运动会引起靶区 的位置发生改变。为减小患者放疗时由于动态靶区的运动带来的剂量不确定性，常采用补偿技术，包括屏气技术、门控技 术、腹部压迫技术、4D-CT技术和实时追踪技术。目前实时追踪技术对肿瘤动态靶区的放射治疗起关键性作用，大多数是 借助X射线、超声、磁共振、磁定位等，可作为一种精确的运动管理方法。本文旨在对实时追踪引导动态靶区放射治疗的 研究进展作一综述，以期为探寻更精准、无辐射、无创的可用于动态靶区的实时追踪技术提供研究思路。

Precision radiotherapy has become the development trend of modern medicine. The size of irradiation field for threedimensional intensity modulated radiation therapy is consistent with the tumor, but the involuntary movement of the human body will cause the position of the target area to change. Compensation techniques are often used to reduce the dose uncertainty caused by dynamic target movement during radiotherapy, which including breath-holding technology, breath-gating technology, abdominal compression technique, 4D-CT technology and real-time tracking technology. At present, real-time tracking technology plays a key role in radiotherapy of tumor dynamic target area. Most of them can be used as an accurate motion management method by means of X-ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonance, magnetic localization, etc. This paper aims to review the research progress of real-time tracking guided dynamic target radiotherapy, in order to provide a research idea for finding a more accurate, non-radiative and noninvasive real-time tracking technology for dynamic target.