目的 探究超声检查对隐睾、隐睾合并先天性肾脏和尿路畸形（Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and the Urinary Tract，CAKUT）患儿病情诊断的作用以及评估隐睾手术效果的价值。方法 选取2019年7月至2021年5月于我院就诊的101例 疑似隐睾患儿为研究对象，对其行体格、实验室检查与彩色多普勒超声、腹腔镜探查。以腹腔镜探查结果为金标准，分析 彩色多普勒超声对小儿隐睾诊断的准确性（准确度、敏感度、特异度、误诊率）。以体格、实验室检查与其他影像学检查 结果为标准，分析彩色多普勒超声对隐睾合并CAKUT诊断的准确性。对确诊隐睾患儿行腹腔镜睾丸下固定术，于术后5 d、 术后3个月、术后6个月实施彩色多普勒超声检查。比较术前超声诊断隐睾类型、体积与术中所见一致性，探究超声在评估 手术成功率与术后3个月、术后6个月睾丸恢复情况（睾丸体积、形态、血运、精索）中的作用。结果 101例患儿中83例确 诊隐睾，超声诊断隐睾的准确度97.03%、敏感度98.80%、特异度88.89%、误诊率11.11%。83例隐睾患儿中9例确诊隐睾合并 CAKUT，超声诊断隐睾合并CAKUT的准确度95.18%、敏感度90.00%、特异度95.89%、误诊率4.11%。超声诊断睾丸位置、 体积与术中所见比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。83例患儿进行手术后，其中80例患儿的睾丸位于阴囊内，无回缩，成 功率为96.39%；3例患儿的睾丸回缩至阴囊上方，需进行再次手术，失败率为3.61%。与术后6个月恢复情况比较，术后3个 月隐睾患儿血运良好情况、精索情况比较无统计学差异（P>0.05），睾丸体积及睾丸形态正常率明显更低，差异有统计学 意（P<0.05）。结论 超声诊断隐睾的方式简单，准确性高，且其对隐睾合并CAKUT的早期诊断有一定价值，超声能够详细 观察患儿的睾丸位置及发育情况，可作为隐睾术后评估的有效工具。

Objective To analyze the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and postoperative evaluation of cryptorchidism and cryptorchidism combined with congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT). Methods A total of 101 children with suspected cryptorchidism treated in our hospital from July 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the research objects. Physical examination, laboratory examination, color doppler ultrasonography and laparoscopic exploration were performed. Taking the results of laparoscopic exploration as the gold standard, the accuracy (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and misdiagnosis rate) of color doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of children cryptorchidism was analyzed. The accuracy of color doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of cryptorchidism combined with CAKUT was analyzed based on the results of physical examination, laboratory examination and other imaging examinations. The children with cryptorchidism were treated with laparoscopic subtesticular fixation. Color doppler ultrasound was performed at 5 days, 3 months and 6 months after operation. The consistency of preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of cryptorchidism type, volume and intraoperative findings was compared. The role of ultrasound in evaluating the success rate of operation and testicular recovery (testicular volume, morphology, blood supply, spermatic cord) at 3 months and 6 months after operation was explored. Results Totally 83 of 101 children were diagnosed with cryptorchidism. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and misdiagnosis rate of ultrasound diagnosis of cryptorchidism were 97.03%, 98.80%, 88.89% and 11.11%. Among 83 children with cryptorchidism, 9 cases were diagnosed with cryptorchidism combined with CAKUT. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and misdiagnosis rate of ultrasound diagnosis of cryptorchidism combined with CAKUT were 95.18%, 90.00%, 95.89% and 4.11%. There was no statistically significant difference between the position and volume of testis diagnosed by ultrasound compared with intraoperative findings (P>0.05). Totally 83 children underwent surgery, and 80 cases of testis were located in the scrotum without retraction, the success rate was 96.39%; the rest 3 cases of testis retracted above the scrotum and needed reoperation, the failure rate was 3.61%. Compared with the recovery of 6 months after operation, there was no significant difference in blood supply andspermatic cord of children with cryptorchidism 3 months after operation (P>0.05), and the normal rate of testicular volume and testicular morphology was significantly lower, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound diagnosis of cryptorchidism is simple and accurate. It can also be used as an early diagnosis tool for cryptorchidism combined with CAKUT. It can observe the position and development of children’s testis in detail, and has a certain value for postoperative evaluation.